Scholars Online
William Freund
Professor University of KwaZulu-Natal
Filmed in September 2008. |
- Who are you and what do you do? [0:28]
- How did Indian people come to South Africa? [1:01]
- What was life like for Indian indentured servants? [1:17]
- How did Indian workers in Natal Province oppose the government? [2:51]
- How did the migrant labor system develop? [3:51]
- Where did migrant workers come from? [1:14]
- What were passbooks? [1:38]
- Why did the government restrict black settlement in the cities? [1:14]
- What were the economic reasons for apartheid? [2:14]
- How did economic troubles weaken apartheid in the 1980s? [3:04]
- What challenges exist in South Africa today? [1:16]


William Freund is professor emeritus of economic history at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. His research interests include African urban history and political economy, the developmental state, and African and South African political economy and economic history. He is the author of a number of books including, The African Worker (Cambridge University Press, 1988), Insiders and Outsiders: The Indian Working Class of Durban, 1910-1990 (Beeline Books, 1995), and The African City: A History (Cambridge University Press, 2007), as well as the co-editor of The (D)urban Vortex: South African City in Transition (University of Natal Press, 2002).